Main aspects of self-directed learning:

 

  1. Autonomy: Learners have control over their learning objectives, methods and materials. They decide what, how and when they learn.
  2. Objectives: Learners define their learning objectives and set personal goals. These goals are the basis for learning a language or for learning in their studies.Selection of resources: Learners select relevant materials such as textbooks, online courses, apps, videos, articles or social interactions based on their interests and needs.
  3. Flexible scheduling: Self-paced learning allows learners to study at their own pace. There are no fixed lesson times or deadlines.
  4. Reflection and metacognition: Learners regularly reflect on their progress, adapt their strategies and evaluate their learning outcomes.
  5. Feedback mechanisms: Learners seek feedback from peers, mentors or self-assessment tools to improve their understanding and skills.
  6. Exploring different language fields and skills: Learners actively explore different language topics, practise different language skills (e.g. reading, listening, ...) and apply their knowledge in real-life contexts.
  7. Collaboration: Although self-paced, learners can still collaborate through discussion forums, study groups or online communities.
  8. Assessment: Self-directed courses often include self-assessment, project work or portfolio submissions instead of traditional exams.
  9. Lifelong learning: Self-directed learning encourages an attitude of continuous learning beyond formal education.